Defensa Indida Antigua (Sistema Hanham) y Defensa Philidor (Sistema Lion/Hanham)

 La defensa india antigua es una defensa que, aunque es un tanto pasiva, es muy solida y facil de aprender, y se puede jugar casi contra cualquier apertura que no sea e4. Contra e4 se puede jugar, pero hay que tener un poco mas de cuidado, ya que las posiciones tienden a ser de caracter mas abierto y el juego es un poco mas tactico.

Aqui les dejo un video en vivo en mi canal donde explico algunas ideas y lineas basicas: 

Algunos libros interesantes que les pueden ayudar a profundizar mas en el estudio son: The Old Indian - Junior Tay y The New Old Indian - Alexander Der Cherniaev, explican muy bien la defensa india antigua incluyendo el sistema Hanham. Y The Philidor Files - Christian Bauer, A Cunning Chess Opening for Black - Sergey Kasparov y The Black Lion de Jerry Van Rekom y Leo Janssen hacen un trabajo excelente explicando el sistema contra e4.

Es interesante destacar que muchos de los campeones mundiales jugaron esta defensa y que el premio de belleza del torneo de candidatos de Zurich en 1953, lo gano Kotov jugando esta defensa, partida que les dejo en las partidas modelo a continuacion: 

[Event "Zurich Candidates"] [Site "Zurich SUI"] [Date "1953.09.23"] [EventDate "1953.08.30"] [Round "14"] [Result "0-1"] [White "Yuri Averbakh"] [Black "Alexander Kotov"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "102"] 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 d6 3.Nf3 Nbd7 4.Nc3 e5 5.e4 Be7 6.Be2 O-O 7.O-O c6 8.Qc2 Re8 9.Rd1 Bf8 10.Rb1 a5 11.d5 Nc5 12.Be3 Qc7 13.h3 Bd7 14.Rbc1 g6 15.Nd2 Rab8 16.Nb3 Nxb3 17.Qxb3 c5 18.Kh2 Kh8 19.Qc2 Ng8 20.Bg4 Nh6 21.Bxd7 Qxd7 22.Qd2 Ng8 23.g4 f5 24.f3 Be7 25.Rg1 Rf8 26.Rcf1 Rf7 27.gxf5 gxf5 28.Rg2 f4 29.Bf2 Rf6 30.Ne2 Qxh3+ 31.Kxh3 Rh6+ 32.Kg4 Nf6+ 33.Kf5 Nd7 34.Rg5 Rf8+ 35.Kg4 Nf6+ 36.Kf5 Ng8+ 37.Kg4 Nf6+ 38.Kf5 Nxd5+ 39.Kg4 Nf6+ 40.Kf5 Ng8+ 41.Kg4 Nf6+ 42.Kf5 Ng8+ 43.Kg4 Bxg5 44.Kxg5 Rf7 45. Bh4 Rg6+ 46. Kh5 Rfg7 47. Bg5 Rxg5+ 48. Kh4 Nf6 49. Ng3 Rxg3 50. Qxd6 R3g6 51. Qb8+ Rg8 0-1 [Event "Tilburg"] [Site "Tilburg"] [Date "1979.??.??"] [Round "3"] [White "Hort, Vlastimil"] [Black "Larsen, Bent"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2535"] [BlackElo "2620"] [PlyCount "122"] [EventDate "1979.11.??"] [EventType "tourn"] [EventRounds "11"] [EventCountry "NED"] [EventCategory "15"] [SourceTitle "MCL"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.07.01"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. e4 Be7 6. Be2 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Re1 a6 9. d5 cxd5 10. cxd5 b5 11. Bf1 Nb6 12. a3 Bd7 13. b3 Qb8 14. Bd2 Ne8 15. Bd3 Qb7 16. Be3 g6 17. a4 b4 18. Ne2 a5 19. Bh6 Ng7 20. Ng3 Rfc8 21. Rc1 Rxc1 22. Qxc1 Rc8 23. Qb1 Bd8 24. Nd2 Ne8 25. Ngf1 Nf6 26. Ne3 Ng4 27. Nxg4 Bxg4 28. Be3 Bd7 29. Rc1 Rc3 30. Nf1 Rxc1 31. Qxc1 Nc8 32. Nd2 f5 33. g3 Nb6 34. f3 fxe4 35. fxe4 h5 36. Kg2 h4 37. gxh4 Bxh4 38. Nf3 Bd8 39. Bg5 Qc7 40. Qe3 Bg4 41. Bxd8 Bxf3+ 42. Kxf3 Qxd8 43. Bb5 Nc8 44. Ke2 Kg7 45. Ba6 Nb6 46. Bb5 Qc7 47. Bc6 Nc8 48. h4 Ne7 49. Kd3 Qc8 50. Qa7 Qh3+ 51. Kd2 Qxh4 52. Kd3 Qh3+ 53. Ke2 Qg4+ 54. Kf2 Qf4+ 55. Kg1 Qc1+ 56. Kh2 Qc2+ 57. Kg3 Qxb3+ 58. Kh4 g5+ 59. Kg4 Qd1+ 60. Kxg5 Qd2+ 61. Kg4 Qg2+ 0-1 [Event "Interpolis"] [Site "Tilburg"] [Date "1981.10.??"] [Round "4"] [White "Sosonko, Gennadi"] [Black "Larsen, Bent"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2585"] [BlackElo "2610"] [PlyCount "56"] [EventDate "1981.10.??"] [EventType "tourn"] [EventRounds "11"] [EventCountry "NED"] [EventCategory "15"] [SourceTitle "MCD"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.07.01"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. e4 e5 5. Nf3 Be7 6. Be2 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Rb1 Re8 9. Qc2 Bf8 10. Rd1 a6 11. b4 Qc7 12. Be3 b5 13. h3 exd4 14. Nxd4 Bb7 15. Nf5 c5 16. Nd5 Bxd5 17. exd5 cxb4 18. Rxb4 Ne5 19. c5 dxc5 20. d6 Qd7 21. Rf4 Rac8 22. g4 Qe6 23. Qd2 Red8 24. Qa5 Ng6 25. Rf3 Bxd6 26. Rxd6 Rxd6 27. Nxd6 Qxd6 28. Rf5 Nh4 0-1 [Event "Bugojno"] [Site "Bugojno"] [Date "1982.??.??"] [Round "10"] [White "Polugaevsky, Lev"] [Black "Larsen, Bent"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2600"] [BlackElo "2605"] [PlyCount "112"] [EventDate "1982.05.??"] [EventType "tourn"] [EventRounds "13"] [EventCountry "YUG"] [EventCategory "14"] [SourceTitle "MCD"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.07.01"] 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. d4 Nbd7 4. Nc3 e5 5. e4 Be7 6. Be2 c6 7. O-O a6 8. d5 Nc5 9. Nd2 a5 10. b3 O-O 11. a3 Bd7 12. Rb1 cxd5 13. cxd5 b5 14. b4 axb4 15. Rxb4 Qc8 16. Nxb5 Ne8 17. Nc4 Bxb5 18. Rxb5 Nxe4 19. Nb6 Qd8 20. Nxa8 Nc3 21. Qc2 Nxb5 22. Bxb5 Qxa8 23. Bc6 Qc8 24. a4 Nf6 25. Qc4 Bd8 26. Ba3 Qb8 27. g3 Bc7 28. Kg2 h5 29. Rh1 h4 30. g4 Nh7 31. Bc1 Bb6 32. Bd2 Bd4 33. a5 Qb2 34. Bc1 Qb1 35. Qe2 f5 36. Ba3 Qb8 37. gxf5 Rxf5 38. Bd7 Rf6 39. a6 Nf8 40. Bg4 Qb3 41. Bc1 Qxd5+ 42. Bf3 Qf7 43. Be3 Ne6 44. Rc1 d5 45. Rc8+ Kh7 46. Bh5 g6 47. Bg4 Nf4+ 48. Bxf4 Rxf4 49. f3 e4 50. Rb8 Kh6 51. Rb7 Qf8 52. Qd2 g5 53. Qe2 Qa3 54. Rc7 Rf6 55. Rc2 Qa1 56. Qf1 exf3+ 0-1 [Event "Mar del Plata"] [Site "Mar del Plata"] [Date "1982.??.??"] [Round "?"] [White "Timman, Jan H"] [Black "Larsen, Bent"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A54"] [WhiteElo "2605"] [BlackElo "2555"] [PlyCount "130"] [EventDate "1982.02.??"] [EventType "tourn"] [EventRounds "13"] [EventCountry "ARG"] [EventCategory "13"] [SourceTitle "MCL"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.07.01"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 e5 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. g3 c6 6. Bg2 Be7 7. O-O O-O 8. Qc2 Rb8 9. Rd1 Qc7 10. b3 Re8 11. Bb2 Bf8 12. Ng5 a6 13. Rac1 h6 14. Nge4 Nxe4 15. Nxe4 f5 16. Nc3 Nf6 17. dxe5 dxe5 18. Na4 b6 19. Bh3 f4 20. Bg2 fxg3 21. hxg3 Be6 22. c5 b5 23. Nc3 Kh8 24. e3 Rbc8 25. Ne2 Qf7 26. Qd2 Bd5 27. f3 Nd7 28. e4 Be6 29. Qe3 a5 30. Rc2 Rcd8 31. Rf1 Bxc5 32. Rxc5 Nxc5 33. Bxe5 Nd3 34. Ba1 Kg8 35. Nd4 Nb4 36. a3 Rxd4 37. Qxd4 Nc2 38. Qc3 Bxb3 39. Bb2 b4 40. axb4 axb4 41. Qxc6 Ne3 42. Rf2 Rd8 43. Qc5 Nd1 44. Re2 Bc4 45. Rc2 Nxb2 46. Rxb2 b3 47. f4 Kh8 48. Kh2 Rd3 49. Qc8+ Kh7 50. Bh3 Rd1 51. e5 Bd5 52. Bg2 Bxg2 53. Kxg2 Qd5+ 54. Kh3 Rh1+ 55. Kg4 Qd1+ 56. Kf5 Qd3+ 57. Ke6 Ra1 58. Qb7 Ra3 59. Rh2 Ra6+ 60. Ke7 Qc4 61. g4 Qe6+ 62. Kd8 Ra4 63. Rd2 Rxf4 64. Qd5 Rf8+ 65. Kc7 Rf7+ 0-1 [Event "FRG-ch int 4th"] [Site "Bad Lauterberg"] [Date "1977.??.??"] [Round "14"] [White "Furman, Semen Abramovich"] [Black "Torre, Eugenio"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2535"] [BlackElo "2550"] [PlyCount "94"] [EventDate "1977.03.??"] [EventType "tourn"] [EventRounds "15"] [EventCountry "GER"] [EventCategory "12"] [SourceTitle "EXT 2002"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "2001.11.25"] 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. g3 e5 4. Bg2 c6 5. Nc3 Nbd7 6. O-O Be7 7. e4 O-O 8. d4 a6 9. b3 b5 10. cxb5 axb5 11. Qc2 Bb7 12. Rd1 Qb8 13. h3 Rc8 14. Be3 Bf8 15. a4 exd4 16. Nxd4 b4 17. Nce2 c5 18. Nf5 Re8 19. f3 d5 20. exd5 Nxd5 21. Nf4 Nxe3 22. Nxe3 Rxe3 23. Rxd7 Qe5 24. Rad1 Bc8 25. Rd8 Bf5 26. Qc4 Re1+ 27. Kh2 Rxd8 28. Rxd8 Qe3 29. g4 Rc1 30. Qxc1 Qxc1 31. Nd5 Qg5 32. Rxf8+ Kxf8 33. f4 Qd8 34. gxf5 c4 35. bxc4 b3 36. Be4 b2 37. Kg3 Qe8 38. Kf3 Qxa4 39. Ne3 Qb4 40. f6 g6 41. f5 b1=Q 42. Bxb1 Qxb1 43. Kf4 Qb2 44. Ng4 Qd4+ 45. Kg5 h5 46. fxg6 hxg4 47. g7+ Kg8 0-1 [Event "Hoogovens"] [Site "Beverwijk"] [Date "1967.01.24"] [Round "11"] [White "Langeweg, Kick"] [Black "Gligoric, Svetozar"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A53"] [PlyCount "74"] [EventDate "1967.01.11"] [EventType "tourn"] [EventRounds "15"] [EventCountry "NED"] [SourceTitle "MCD"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.07.01"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d6 3. g3 Nbd7 4. Bg2 e5 5. c4 c6 6. O-O e4 7. Ng5 d5 8. Nc3 h6 9. Nh3 Nb6 10. cxd5 Nbxd5 11. Nxd5 cxd5 12. f3 exf3 13. exf3 Be7 14. Be3 O-O 15. Nf4 Qb6 16. Nd3 Bf5 17. Rf2 Rfe8 18. Ne5 Rad8 19. Re2 Nd7 20. Bf2 Nxe5 21. Rxe5 Be6 22. Re3 Rc8 23. Rb3 Qc7 24. Be3 Qd7 25. Bf1 a6 26. Rc1 Rxc1 27. Qxc1 Bf5 28. Rc3 Bf6 29. g4 Bg6 30. Rc7 Qa4 31. Rc8 Rxc8 32. Qxc8+ Kh7 33. Qxb7 Bxd4 34. Bxd4 Qxd4+ 35. Kg2 Qd2+ 36. Kg3 d4 37. Bxa6 Qe1+ 0-1 [Event "Bugojno"] [Site "Bugojno"] [Date "1982.??.??"] [Round "2"] [White "Gligoric, Svetozar"] [Black "Ivkov, Borislav"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2535"] [BlackElo "2480"] [PlyCount "73"] [EventDate "1982.05.??"] [EventType "tourn"] [EventRounds "13"] [EventCountry "YUG"] [EventCategory "14"] [SourceTitle "MCD"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.07.01"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. Nf3 e5 5. e4 Be7 6. Be2 O-O 7. O-O c6 8. Rb1 a5 9. b3 Re8 10. Re1 Bf8 11. Bf1 Qb6 12. d5 Nc5 13. a3 cxd5 14. cxd5 Bd7 15. Nd2 Rec8 16. Nc4 Qd8 17. a4 Be7 18. b4 axb4 19. Rxb4 Ra6 20. Bd2 Be8 21. a5 Ra7 22. Qb1 Nfd7 23. g3 Rca8 24. Be3 Qb8 25. Rc1 Bd8 26. Nxd6 Bxa5 27. Nxe8 Qxe8 28. Rc4 Bxc3 29. R4xc3 b6 30. Bb5 h6 31. Bc6 Ra1 32. Qxa1 Rxa1 33. Rxa1 Nxe4 34. Rca3 Qe7 35. d6 Nxd6 36. Ra7 Nc4 37. Rxd7 1-0 [Event "Semifinals URS-ch28"] [Site "Rostov-on-Don"] [Date "1960.??.??"] [Round "?"] [White "Reshko"] [Black "Spassky, Boris V"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A55"] [PlyCount "80"] [EventDate "1960.??.??"] 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. g3 c6 4. Nf3 d6 5. Bg2 Nbd7 6. O-O Be7 7. e4 O-O 8. d4 a6 9. d5 cxd5 10. cxd5 b5 11. a3 Nc5 12. Ne1 Bd7 13. Nd3 Nxd3 14. Qxd3 Qb8 15. b4 Rc8 16. h3 Rc4 17. Bb2 Bd8 18. Ne2 Qa7 19. Kh2 Rac8 20. Bc3 Be8 21. f4 Qe7 22. fxe5 dxe5 23. Rf5 Nd7 24. Raf1 Bb6 25. g4 f6 26. g5 Bg6 27. gxf6 gxf6 28. R5f3 Rxe4 29. Qd2 Qd6 30. Rg3 Rh4 31. Qe1 Rcc4 32. Bd2 Kh8 33. Kh1 Bd8 34. Rc3 Nb6 35. Rxc4 Rxc4 36. Ng3 Qd7 37. Bh6 Nxd5 38. Qxe5 Rh4 39. Qxd5 Rxh3+ 40. Kg1 Bb6+ 0-1 [Event "EU-ch blitz"] [Site "Panormo"] [Date "2002.??.??"] [Round "11"] [White "Sakaev, Konstantin"] [Black "Nielsen, Peter Heine"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2647"] [BlackElo "2626"] [PlyCount "59"] [EventDate "2002.10.02"] [EventType "tourn (blitz)"] [EventRounds "38"] [EventCountry "GRE"] [SourceTitle "CBM 090 Extra"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "2002.11.07"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nc3 Nbd7 4. e4 e5 5. Nf3 Be7 6. Be2 c6 7. O-O a6 8. d5 Nc5 9. Nd2 a5 10. b3 O-O 11. Rb1 Bd7 12. a3 cxd5 13. cxd5 b5 14. b4 axb4 15. axb4 Na4 16. Nxa4 Rxa4 17. Bd3 Qb6 18. Bc2 Ra2 19. Nb3 Rc8 20. Be3 Qxe3 21. fxe3 Rcxc2 22. Qf3 Bg4 23. Qg3 h5 24. h3 Nxe4 25. Qh2 Bd7 26. Nc1 Ra3 27. Nb3 Bg5 28. Rf3 h4 29. Kh1 Rxb3 30. Ra1 0-1 [Event "EU-ch Internet final"] [Site "playchess.com INT"] [Date "2004.11.07"] [Round "3.4"] [White "Gelfand, Boris"] [Black "Nielsen, Peter Heine"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2709"] [BlackElo "2652"] [PlyCount "70"] [EventDate "2004.11.07"] [EventType "k.o. (blitz)"] [EventRounds "4"] [EventCountry "GER"] [SourceTitle "EXT 2005"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "2004.11.15"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. Nf3 Nbd7 4. Nc3 e5 5. e4 Be7 6. Be2 c6 7. O-O O-O 8. Qc2 a6 9. Rd1 Qc7 10. Bg5 b5 11. a3 Bb7 12. dxe5 Nxe5 13. Nxe5 dxe5 14. b4 Rad8 15. Be3 Bc8 16. Rdc1 Qb8 17. f3 Be6 18. Nd1 Nd7 19. Nb2 Rc8 20. c5 Rcd8 21. Qc3 Nf6 22. a4 Nh5 23. axb5 axb5 24. Ra6 Nf4 25. Bf1 Qc8 26. Rca1 Bf6 27. Rb6 Rd7 28. Raa6 Rc7 29. Nd3 Nxd3 30. Bxd3 Rd8 31. Be2 Qd7 32. Ra1 Qe7 33. Rba6 Bg5 34. Ra8 Bxe3+ 35. Qxe3 Rcd7 1/2-1/2 [Event "Nice ol (Men) qual-B"] [Site "Nice"] [Date "1974.06.15"] [Round "9"] [White "Keene, Raymond"] [Black "Kavalek, Lubomir"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "A55"] [WhiteElo "2505"] [BlackElo "2625"] [PlyCount "130"] [EventDate "1974.06.07"] [EventType "team-tourn"] [EventRounds "9"] [EventCountry "FRA"] [SourceTitle "EXT 2000"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.11.16"] [WhiteTeam "England"] [BlackTeam "US of America"] [WhiteTeamCountry "ENG"] [BlackTeamCountry "USA"] 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 d6 3. g3 e5 4. Nc3 c6 5. Bg2 Nbd7 6. O-O Be7 7. e4 O-O 8. d4 a6 9. d5 cxd5 10. cxd5 b5 11. Re1 Nb6 12. Nd2 Bd7 13. b4 a5 14. bxa5 Rxa5 15. Nb3 Ra8 16. a3 Nc4 17. Nd2 Qa5 18. Nxc4 Qxc3 19. Nb2 Bd8 20. Re3 Qc8 21. Bd2 Bb6 22. Rc3 Qa6 23. h3 b4 24. Rb3 bxa3 25. Raxa3 Qxa3 26. Rxa3 Rxa3 27. Nc4 Ra6 28. Nxb6 Rxb6 29. Qa1 Rfb8 30. Qa7 R6b7 31. Qa6 Ne8 32. Be3 Bb5 33. Qa3 Be2 34. Kh2 h6 35. Qa2 Bd3 36. Qa3 Rb3 37. Qa7 Nf6 38. Qc7 Nxe4 39. g4 R3b7 40. Qc6 Bb5 41. Qc1 Nf6 42. Bxh6 gxh6 43. Qxh6 Ne8 44. Be4 f6 45. Bf5 Rg7 46. Be6+ Kf8 47. h4 Bd3 48. Bd7 Kg8 49. Be6+ Kf8 50. Bd7 Bg6 51. Qh8+ Rg8 52. Qh6+ Ke7 53. Be6 Bf7 54. Bxf7 Kxf7 55. Qh5+ Kf8 56. Qh6+ Rg7 57. Qh8+ Ke7 58. f3 e4 59. fxe4 Rxg4 60. h5 Rb2+ 61. Kh3 Rbg2 62. h6 R4g3+ 63. Kh4 Rg8 64. Qh7+ Kf8 65. Kh3 R2g5 0-1